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Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390046

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la prevalencia de enfermedad celiaca (EC) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es de aproximadamente 4%, con variaciones del 1 al 8% según distintas publicaciones. En la mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos u oligosintomáticos. El impacto de la EC en el control metabólico aun no es bien conocido, sobre todo en lo que respecta a una mayor predisposición a eventos de hipoglucemia. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de EC en adolescentes y adultos con DM1, relacionar la presencia de EC con las características clínicas, control metabólico y eventos de hipoglucemias. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, de 64 pacientes adolescentes y adultos con DM1, sin EC conocida, en quienes se realizó el dosaje de anticuerpo anti transglutaminasa y nivel de IgA. El diagnóstico de EC se basó en la presencia de anticuerpos anti transglutaminasa IgA junto a la confirmación por biopsia intestinal. Fue valorada la presencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y generales, eventos de hipoglucemia y el control metabólico por medio de la HbA1c. Se comparó a los DM1 diagnosticados de EC con un grupo control de DM1 sin EC, con edad y sexo similar. Resultados: de los 64 pacientes, 50% eran mujeres. La edad promedio fue 25.1 ± 6.04 años. La EC fue diagnosticada en 6 casos (9,37% CI 95% 3,5-19,3%). Con respecto a las características clínicas, sólo 2 (33,3%) presentaban los clásicos síntomas de EC. El promedio de HbA1c en los DM1con EC fue alto (10,01%), pero sin diferencia significativa con el grupo control (9,9%). Del grupo con DM1 y EC, 4 (66,7%) refirieron episodios de hipoglucemia leve 1 vez por semana, sin diferencia respecto al grupo control (77,8%). Conclusión: se encontró una alta asociación de EC con DM1, la mayor parte se presentó en forma silenciosa o atípica, por lo que debe ser buscada regularmente, incluso en los adultos. No se halló relación entre EC y mal control metabólico, ni con eventos de hipoglucemia.


Introduction: The prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) among type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients is around 4% with variations from 1 to 8% according to different publications being most cases asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. The impact of CD on metabolic control is not well known yet, especially regarding to a higher predisposition to hypoglycemic events. Objectives: To determine the frequency of CD in adolescents and adults with T1DM, and relate the presence of CD with the clinical characteristics, metabolic control and hypoglycemic events. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in 64 adolescents and adults with T1DM who were between 15 to 40 years of age without known CD. The levels of anti-transglutaminase antibodies and IgA were determined. The diagnosis of CD was based on the presence of anti-transglutaminase IgA antibodies along with the confirmation by intestinal biopsy. The presence of gastrointestinal and general symptoms, hypoglycemic events and metabolic control by HbA1c were evaluated. T1DM patients diagnosed with CD were compared with a control group of T1DM without CD and both groups were matched by age and sex. Results: Of the 64 T1DM patients, 32 were women and 32 men. Mean age was 25.1 ± 6.04 years. CD was confirmed by intestinal biopsy in 6 patients (9.37%, CI 95% 3.5 -19.3%). In relation to the clinical characteristics, only 2 of them (33.3%) presented the classic symptoms of CD. The mean HbA1c in T1DM with CD was high (10.01%), but without a significant difference with the control group (9.9%). In the group with T1DM and CD, 4 (66.7%) reported episodes of mild hypoglycemia once a week with no difference in comparison with the control group (77.8%). Conclusion: A high association was found between CD and T1DM but most of the cases were silent or with atypical presentation. Therefore, these findings support the need of a regular screening of CD in T1DM patients even in adults ones. Association was not found between CD and a bad metabolic control or with hypoglycemic events.

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